The arousal effect of An-Gong-Niu-Huang-Wan on alcoholic-induced coma rats: A research based on EEG.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Acute alcohol intoxication is one of the leading causes of coma. A well-regarded Chinese herbal formula, known as An-Gong-Niu-Huang-Wan (AGNHW), has garnered recognition for its efficacy in treating various brain disorders associated with impaired consciousness, including acute alcohol-induced coma. Despite its clinical effectiveness, the scientific community lacks comprehensive research on the mechanistic aspects of AGNHW's impact on the electroencephalogram (EEG) patterns observed during alcohol-induced coma. Gaining a deeper understanding of AGNHW's mechanism of action in relation to EEG characteristics would hold immense importance, serving as a solid foundation for further advancing its clinical therapeutic application. AIM OF THE STUDY: The study sought to investigate the impact of AGNHW on EEG activity and sleep EEG patterns in rats with alcoholic-induced coma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A rat model of alcohol-induced coma was used to examine the effects of AGNHW on EEG patterns. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were intraperitoneally injected with 32% ethanol to induce a coma, followed by treatment with AGNHW. Wireless electrodes were implanted in the cortex of the rats to obtain EEG signals. Our analysis focused on evaluating alterations in the Rat Coma Scale (RCS), as well as assessing changes in the frequency and distribution of EEG patterns, sleep rhythms, and body temperature subsequent to AGNHW treatment. RESULTS: The study found a significant increase in the δ-band power ratio, as well as a decrease in RCS scores and ß-band power ratio after modeling. AGNHW treatment significantly reduced the δ-band power ratio and increased the ß-band power ratio compared to naloxone, suggesting its superior arousal effects. The results also revealed a decrease in the time proportion of WAKE and REM EEG patterns after modeling, accompanied by a significant increase in the time proportion of NREM EEG patterns. Both naloxone and AGNHW effectively counteracted the disordered sleep EEG patterns. Additionally, AGNHW was more effective than naloxone in improving hypothermia caused by acute alcohol poisoning in rats. CONCLUSION: Our study provides evidence for the arousal effects of AGNHW in alcohol-induced coma rats. It also suggests a potential role for AGNHW in regulating post-comatose sleep rhythm disorders.

Therapeutic potential of aromatic plant extracts in Alzheimer's disease: Comprehensive review of their underlying mechanisms.

AIMS: The aim of this review is to outline recent advancements in the application and mechanistic studies of aromatic plant extracts in Alzhermer`s disease (AD) to demonstrate their value in the management of this disease. BACKGROUND: AD is a neurodegenerative disease with a complex pathogenesis characterized by severe cognitive impairment. Currently, there are very few drugs available for the treatment of AD, and treatments are primarily focused on symptom relief. Aromatherapy is a traditional complementary alternative therapy that focuses on the prevention and treatment of the disease through the inhalation or transdermal administration of aromatic plant extracts. Over the past few years, studies on the use of aromatic plant extracts for the treatment of AD have been increasing and have demonstrated a definitive therapeutic effect. METHODS: We systematically summarized in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies focusing on the potential use of aromatic plant extracts in the treatment of AD in PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure from 2000 to 2022. RESULTS: Our literature survey indicates that aromatic plant extracts exert anti-AD effects by modulating pathological changes through anti-amyloid, anti-tau phosphorylation, anti-cholinesterase, anti-inflammation, and anti-oxidative stress mechanisms (Figure 1). CONCLUSION: This review provides a future strategy for the research of novel anti-AD drugs from aromatic plant extracts.

[Analysis and characterization of fingerprint infrared spectra for ecology-planted Coptis chinensis].

The fingerprint features of infrared spectra for Coptis chinensis in different shading conditions (shelf, firry wood, corn wood) and with different ages (one year to five years) were studied. According to the ratio of characteristic peaks, the rules of the influence of shadings and ages on Coptis chinensis growth were illustrated, which confirms the feasibility of ecological planting technique for Coptis chinensis. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was used to analyze the influence of growing conditions on the growth of Coptis chinensis. The shadings and ages have no obvious influence on the quality of Coptis chinensis root, which is consistent with the results of HPLC. The quality of Coptis chinensis with ecological planting is identical with those in shelves. Infrared technique provides a meaningful guide to standardized planting of medicinal plants.

Study of traditional Chinese animal drugs using FT-IR and 2D-IR correlation spectroscopy.

Using FT-IR and 2D-IR correlation spectroscopy, the intensity changes and their sequence of amide I and II bands of four traditional Chinese animal drugs (Cornu Cervi Pantotrichum, Cornu Saigae Tataricae, Scorpio and Hirud) under thermal perturbation are studied, and component of Ca(3)(PO(4))(2) in the drug of Cornu Cervi Pantotrichum and sulfates components in the drug of scorpion are identified. The drug of Cornu Cervi Pantotrichum contains inorganic salt Ca(3)(PO(4))(2) and the drug of Scorpio contains sulfates. It is assigned that the bands of 604 and 561 cm(-1) belong to the component of Ca(3)(PO(4))(2), and the bands of 637 and 615 cm(-1) belong to sulfates. Organic components of these drugs respond to the thermal perturbation far stronger than that of the inorganic components. The intensities of amide I and II bands in the drugs, except for amide II band in drug Scorpio, change strongly. For the drugs of Cornu Cervi Pantotrichum, Cornu Saigae Tataricae and Hirudo, the intensity changes of amide II band occurs prior to that of amide I band. The C-N bond in the product operator(3)(4) conjugative system converts from double bond to single bond, but the C=O bond remains double bond during the heating process. On the other hand, amide II vibrations, which may involve much more of the hydrogen bonded local structures of amide groups in the system compared to the C=O dominated amide I vibration, may undergo thermally induced changes at a temperature much lower than the other mode. The traditional Chinese animal drugs can be identified rapidly and non-separately by using FT-IR and 2D-IR correlation spectroscopy.

[Analysis of saturated paraffins in petroleum by fast gas chromatography].

A fast capillary gas chromatographic method for the analysis of saturated paraffin in crude oil and rock extracts is described. By using a 20 m narrow bore capillary column, the analytical time has been shortened to 15 min, 5 times faster in comparison with 80 to 90 min by conventional capillary columns, which resulted in higher throughput, higher efficiency and better separation. The fast method is fully in compliance with the Petroleum Industrial Standard--SY/T5120-1997 and paves the way for the fast analysis of paraffin isomers, such as steroidal paraffin and terpane by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and that of aromatics by gas chromatography.

[Analysis and assessment of Coptis chinensis for different parts, ages, and heights using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy].

OBJECTIVE: To study the infrared (IR) fingerprint spectra of Coptis chinensis for different parts, ages, and heights, and to analyze the integrate rules about the content of berberine component in Coptis chinensis for different parts, ages, and heights. METHOD: The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was applied to detect the infrared spectra of Coptis chinensis samples rapidly and non-separately. RESULTS: The IR spectra of the root, leafstalk, and fibre of Coptis chinesis have their unique features. The content of berberine component in Coptis chinensis was different for different parts and the sequence: root > leafstalk > fibre. When Coptis chinensis grows, the content of berberine component in leafstalk also increases. The content of berberine component in leafstalk which planting in 1 200 m was less than that in 1 300, 1 400, and 1 500 m. The ages and heights provide no obvious influences on the content of berberine in the root of Coptis chinensis. CONCLUSION: Using FTIR spectroscopy, the quality of Coptis chinensis can be controlled, which provides a useful method for the standardized planting of Coptis chinensis.